Showing posts with label world. Show all posts
Showing posts with label world. Show all posts

Monday, 11 June 2012

Joyous June Reads


The sun is beaming down and it's like another country here. Today's books go with the happy mood, being light-hearted and interesting, besides not being in the usual run of reads.

Even if you have never had much interest in making music, you could well enjoy 'Making and Playing Bamboo Pipes' by Margaret Galloway. The author's name even has the ring of the piper about it somehow. It was published by Dryad Press of Leicester, UK, in 1958. Dryad used to produce leaflets on every type of handicraft, and I well remember carrying bound copies of them home from the library with glee; any handicraft you can think of was described in these volumes; if you never made anything yourself out of them, they were a sheer pleasure to read. This book is a reject from the same local library. I don't think modern handicraft books come even close to the variety so simply and yet comprehensively described in Dryad's books, This particular work begins with the” Directions for Making a Simple Treble Pipe” and ends with an account of the Pipers' Guild and how to join it. The instructions embrace every aspect of the pipes, including how to polish them and most importantly how to play them.There are tunes to test the pitch of the pipes too, and how to amend errors; everything is considered. Definitely this is a joy of a book.

The next book asks “What are the Seven Wonders of the World?” A church sale find, it is written by Peter D'Epiro and Mary Desmond Pinkowish, and springs from an unusual idea: starting with a section entitled 'Three', it asks “Who were the three sons of Adam and Eve?”, then “ Who were the three gods of the Hindu Trinity (the Trimurti)?” It carries on through various numbers up to and including twenty-four. One, Two, Eleven, Fourteen, Sixteen, Seventeen, are conspicuous by their absence, as well as from nineteen to twenty-three inclusive; it is intriguing to wonder why these numbers have been of little significance in the life of humanity. It deals with, for example, the six “major European invasions of Russia since the time of Peter the Great”, the 7 Deadly Sins, the 9 Lyric Poets of Ancient Greece, the 12 Tribes of Israel, “the unoffical Homeric titles of the 18 chapters of James Joyce's 'Ulysses' “ I think you get the picture now. This is a paperbook published by Metro Books, London, in 1999, and is certainly an interesting approach to a lot of historic and pseudo-historic questions.

'Too Good to Be True – The Colossal Book of Urban Legends' is another fascinating read. You know all those weird stories you read about on computer forums and in mass-circulated emails - this book gathers them all together and debunks them.It is published by W.W.Norton & Company, New York – London, 2001. It is a paperback in fine condition and came from a school sale. The author explains that the urban legend is the sort of story which you are told is totally true because the teller knows the person it happened to for sure, but then it turns out when you ask them again that it was actually a cousin of a friend's neighbours uncle to whom it happened but they swear it is true! One of these urban legends is about “The Baby on the Roof”:

“Did you hear about this couple driving through Southern Utah? They were on their way to California, and they went to change drivers and the wife took the baby out of the car and put him on the roof of the car. Then they both switched sides and got back into the car. She just assumed that the husband had put the baby back in, but he hadn't even seen it. They drove off, and the baby slid off, but he was OK because he was in a plastic infant seat. About two hours later they realised that they forgot the baby. So they drove back, and someone had stopped for the baby, and the baby was OK"
.The author, Jan Harold Brunvand, says that he has on file news stories or first-hand accounts dating from 1975 to 1993 of fourteen such incidents occurring either in the US or Germany with varying outcomes for the infant. What interests me is that this urban legend was travelling around therefore before the internet got going. What does puzzle me, though, is why it was necessary to take the baby out of the car at all, just to change drivers. Anyway, this book is full of stories, good to read for themselves even before you consider them as urban legends, with titles such as: “The Killer in the Back Seat”, “A Bug in the Ear”, and “The Devil in the Disco”. My own mother had a version of that one, which told of a girl meeting the devil in a local dancehall, allowing him to leave her home and then just in time spotting his cloven hoof; that was not today or yesterday. Obviously these stories have been doing the rounds for some time. Jan Harold Brunvand looks on them as a type of folklore, which of course they are, and they have that most vital characteristic of folklore, staying power.

'Where Joy Shines Through' is a lovely little hardback, and I brought it home from the recycling centre because I love drawings of any kind; this is full of illustrations of all sorts, from the cartoon type to the representational – plants, animals, human beings and landscapes as seen by artists with just one thing in common, that is, they are disabled to some degree, and these illustrations have been created with the help of mouths or feet.They are really done, however, with the hearts and minds of wonderfully talented artists. Accompanying the pictures are aphorisms such as “Thrift is most admired by an heir!!!” which do not necessarily have any connection to them, which is perhaps a little quirk of the book, not anything to spoil it, but slightly puzzling. This book was published by the Disabled Artists Association of Cork (Ireland) in 1986, so someone treasured it for a good few years before parting with it.

I could well be accused of having cornered the market in second-hand house plant books, by the amount I have collected over the years. I make no apology for this – growing and reading about house plants have cheered many a day in my life. One of the Reader's Digest Successful Gardening series, 'The Indoor Garden' , published in 1994, is a winner of a book I came across at a car boot sale. What I really like about this book is the way it categorises the plants according to the growing conditions they prefer, such as “Plants for humid air”, “Plants for shady areas” and so forth. A lot of people dislike house plants because they see the same type over and over again in their local supermarket. But there are many many more types of plant for growing at home, than will be encountered in the supermarket or even in the gardening store. Since the arrival of the computer in all our lives, it has become easy to meet other enthusiasts and to trade with them; in this way I have discovered the most intriguing plants, some of which you will never see for sale, except perhaps at a school or church 'bring & buy' sale, or of course at those run by gardening clubs. For instance, Ceropegia woodii is a lovely little succulent plant, also known as Rosary Vine or even more aptly, String of Hearts, because the leaves are shaped like little silver and green hearts and strung out along their trails; this plant is almost never seen in ordinary shops although it is much easier to grow than most you will see while you're doing your weekly shop. One reason for the amount of quite difficult house plants commonly to be found on sale, in my opinion, is that if all our indoor plants thrived, we would not need to come back for more as often as big business would like. This morning, I received in a trade a variegated form of the Ceropegia woodii, with leaves of silver bordered with white, a most appealing and pretty plant. I wager I will have a better chance of keeping this happy than the myriad of languishing indoor plants from the supermarket displays, which have already experienced too much heat or too much cold, draughts, over and underwatering, and perhaps even rough handling before they got to the shelves in the local Tesco or Woodies. When you think that these are living creatures, a vital part of our environment, you would think that they deserve a little more dignity than they commonly receive.

"Frankly Speaking' came from the recycling shelf, and is a book of humourous stories told by ministers from most of the Irish churches, and they are told with a certain winning innocence. The editor, Frank Sellar, is a minister of Adelaide Road Donore Presbyterian Church since 1990, we are told, although I'm not sure if that holds true today. It was published in aid of 'The Road Ahead Project' – a “major million pound redevelopment project which will involve constructing a purpose-built complex behind the current listed facade. This will enable the church to continue to provide a range of programmes for people who are unemployed, parents and children from all backgrounds in Dublin City Centre.” I don't know if the project ever got off the ground, but hopefully it did and succeeded in all its aims. Here is one of the stories, contributed by Rev. BHS. Liddell, Former Senior Minister, 1st Coleraine Presbyterian Church:

“80. An Invitation to Prayer

During a visit to an old farmer I asked Robert if I could “Keep Worship”. “Aye” he replied “but wait till I call in James”. James was the farmhand and was working in the yard. Robert went over to the kitchen window, knocked on it and gestured to James to come in. Then, turning to me, he said, “James will get a 'quare gunk'. He thinks he's being called in for his supper!”

“9. Don't Noah” was submitted by Rev. Joe Mooney, Retired, Grange Presbyterian Church.

“The minister had been talking to the children about Noah and the Ark. After Church, one little boy asked his grandad, 'Granda, were you in the Ark?' 'No, son, I wasn't' replied Granda. “Then”, asked the boy, “how come you weren't drowned?"

 So, it is June, the days are long and bright, we even had sunshine today. Keep your hearts up. Mother Ireland is managing to smile a little.















Saturday, 18 February 2012

Speaking Out


Frederick Bodmer's "The Loom of Language" was first published by Allen & Unwin in 1944. The copy I have is a reprint of the first paperback edition, dated 1996. When I was a young teenager I borrowed this book so often from our local library that I began to feel it was mine; then someone else borrowed it and never returned it. Luckily I found one later in a local bookshop. It has never lost its charms for me. For anyone interested in languages, it is an amazing book. It tells the story of languages from earliest times, and traces how the different ones we have today developed. It discusses language learning, the origins of script and writing systems, artificial languages, everything to do with languages. Here you will find tables translating English into all the common Germanic languages, and separate ones translating English into the more common Romance languages. It is a book to take up again and again. If such a book had been written and handed down from the times of Linear A and Linear B there would be a lot of happy scholars now.

The Dictionary of Languages by Andrew Dalby, which describes itself as "The Definitive Reference To More Than 400 Languages" is another fascinating book. I bought it from Amazon, havng come across a review of it by chance. My copy is a paperback published by A &C Black of London in 2006. It details 400 different languages, giving maps of where they are to be found, their origins and relationships with other languages living or dead, and the number of speakers using them as a first language. As you read you realise what treasures our spoken tongues are, how they enunciate emotions and feelings and ideas, how important it is not to let these go, how they are as important a part of our heritage as any artefacts in museums. The Irish Times today had a small piece on a session at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual meeting which is underway in Vancouver. At the meeting it was said that the technology of the internet and the social media which use it will be the saviour of dying languages. The importance of all languages was stressed. The Times reported that 'The loss of languages spoken by only a few hundred people may not seem an issue when there are plenty more languages to replace them. Yet languages are a unique repository not just of words but also of cultural identity, linguists stressed'......"Languages become a repository of information on plant and animal species, cultural practices, traditional medicine and much more," said Prof David Harrison of Swarthmore college in Pennsylvania. "Through the digital technologies these languages can talk to the world." he said. And I have to say I think that sounds right to me. Owning and reading language books is a personal experience, but sharing this experience with a large number of other people has only been made possible since the arrival of the internet.

"Contemporary Linguistics – An Introduction" by William O'Grady, Michael Dobrovolsky and Francis Katamba, published by Longman, London & New York in 1996, was a college book from about fourteen years ago. It is one of those hefty books I discussed in an earlier instalment of my blog, having been revised and upgraded a number of times, so that shelves and shelves of the earlier volumes teeter in corners of student bookshops. I read recently that a university bookshop in Dublin had thrown out mountains of this type of textlbook because they couldn't sell them. A terrible waste, and definitely a pointer that the looseleaf type of textbook or some other similar system should be produced, where pages with revisions could be easily inserted, and also, the portions of the book required for certain classes could easily be carried in to college as needed and later returned to their place in the book. In this way a textbook would remain relevant for the duration of a particular course, the purchase of the revised pages being easily and cheaply accomplished when necessary, and the whole could be of value as a secondhand book when an individual student has finished with it. No doubt this would affect greatly the sales of college textbook publishers, who are not in the business for purely altruistic reasons, but when the sheer waste involved in producing these updated textbooks year after year is considered, these days there should be no contest, in my opinion. We just cannot live any longer with the squandering of resources which took place in the so-called boom years. They were really the bust years in the true sense, though we were pitifully unaware of it.

In a sale I found a volume entitled "Webster's Third New International Dictionary and Seven Language Dictionary" which appears to be part of a set published by Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago, in 1981.. The section on languages, entitled "The Britannica World Language Dictionary" gives the grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and useful phrases for French, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish and Yiddish. English, the source language, is apparently counted in the seven. The grammar section for each language is short but comprehensive. The best thing about this book is that it includes Yiddish, which I have never come across before in any language book. According to the text "..this is the first time Yiddish words have appeared in dictionary form in Roman characters so that they are understandable to all who read English." There are probably quite a few of these old dictionary parts to be found in sales if you're lucky.

For anybody interested in languages I would like to mention www.freerice.com, which is a website run by the United Nations World Food Program. . When you go on you will find yourself on a page giving English words and asking you to give the correct meaning. Questions to which wrong answers are given are given again, until a right answer is obtained. Every time you get an answer right some rice is donated to poor countries. The donors are the advertisers on the site, it is all explained under 'Rice' on the top menu. On the top right of the box where you find the questions, you can click and find a menu of subjects, including mathematics, art history, from tomorrow Anatomy and most importantly from my point of view, there are vocabulary tests for German, French, Italian and Spanish. I would have been more pleased if there were a section for Russian and Chinese vocabulary, the latter in Pinyin for those of us who have not got around to mastering Chinese characters. It is easy to spend hours on this website, but you won't feel you are wasting time because you are testing your knowledge of languages and at the same time donating rice.

Another website is How To Learn Any Language:
http://how-to-learn-any-language.com/e/mezzofanti/biography/index.html and on the page to which this link leads on that site, you will find the fascinating story of one Cardinal Joseph Caspar Mezzofanti, born 17th September, 1774 at Bologna, who was renowned for his vast knowledge of languages. One thing he and I have in common is that apparently he was not a great traveller, which often puzzles people who seem to think that if you are interested in languages you are of necessity interested in visiting foreign lands. As far as I am concerned this is definitely not the case. Of course in his day they didn't have aeroplanes, however, from my point of view air travel is just one more reason to remain at home.

An Irish site which has a very good section for those interested in learning languages is www.boards.ie, The page link is http://www.boards.ie/vbulletin/forumdisplay.php?f=217 .

There is no shortage of websites for language lovers, but those are my particular favourites. Perhaps if you have a personal favourite, you would be kind enough to put a link to it in the comment box on this blog so we can all try it out.

I have been collecting language books for many years. Some have more merits than others, for instance, there are books which are better at explaining grammar, or at providing the learner with colloquial phrases, and some systems are more suitable for certain types of learner than others, but they all have something of value to offer, and are worth holding on to and passing on to posterity.